New Haven/ Winston Salem

Written by: on 22nd August 2013
ATP Masters in Mason
New Haven/ Winston Salem

epa03826346 Roger Federer, of Switzerland, serves to Tommy Haas, of Germany, during the third round of the ATP Masters in Mason, Ohio, USA, on 15 August 2013. EPA/MARK LYONS  |

TODAY’S MEN’S NEWS

 

Winston-Salem

 

Singles – Quarterfinal: (6) S Querrey def. R Berankis 6-3 6-4

At least there is one seed around here who wants to win. Sam Querrey defends his points, and while that doesn’t assure that he will stay Top Thirty, his chances look good.

Singles – Quarterfinal: (15) G Monfils def. (7) F Verdasco 6-7(8-10) 6-4 6-4

Is there some law that says higher seeds (other than Querrey) cannot win around here? Fernando Verdasco made it seven of eight high seeds to go out to lower players or injury. He stays around #30; Gael Monfils is one win away from the Top Forty.

Singles – Quarterfinal: (9) J Melzer def. (13) D Tursunov 6-4 6-3

Could Jurgen Melzer be coming back to life? He’s getting close to the Top Thirty. Although he seemed jinxed; rain stopped this match one game from the end.

Singles – Quarterfinal: (10) A Dolgopolov def. Y Lu 7-6(7-2) 6-3

This still doesn’t represent much of a move for Alexandr Dolgopolov, but if he can make the final, he’ll rise to around #35.

 

 

TODAY’S FEATURE

 

Doublets Specialist

 

This year marked the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the split between Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) and the Liddell family. Not exactly something to celebrate — it put Dodgson into at least an eight year bout of depression — but we thought we’d celebrate some of his works.

Besides, it will give you something to do during those U. S. Open rain delays. Or maybe give Jimmy Connors a way to pass the time while he waits for a phone call.

One of the many games invented by Lewis Carroll was something he called “Doublets.” The idea is to take two words of the same length and convert one to the other by changing only one letter at a time. A constraint is that every intermediate stage must be a word in its own right. For example, GRASS can be made GREEN as follows:

GRASS

CRASS

CRESS

TRESS

TREES

TREED

GREED

GREEN

This is a seven-step transformation. It is of course obvious that the minimum transformation for two words is the number of letters which are different. For example, SOD and SAT differ by two letters, and can be converted in a two-step transformation:

SOD

SOT

SAT

or

SOD

SAD

SAT

(This shows that there are often multiple ways to get from one word to another.)

Some transformations take more steps than just the number of differences.. For example, OLD and OAT differ by two letters, but you cannot get from one to the other in two steps, because there are only two possible intermediate stages (OLT and OAD), and neither is a word. It is possible to get from one to the other, but it’s a long path — the only word that is one letter away from OLD is ODD (and the only other word one letter away from ODD is ADD), and the only words one letter away from OAT that keep the initial O are OAF, OAK, OAR, OFT, OPT, and OUT. The shortest route we could find (and we used a spreadsheet to do the hunt, although even that doesn’t guarantee that we found the shortest path) is

OLD

ODD

ADD

AND

ANT

AFT

OFT

OAT

Some transformations are not possible at all. This is more typically true of very long words; there just aren’t enough one-letter-away words to operate with. But it can happen with short words, too, especially if they involve rare letters like Q or Z. Any doublet for QUIZ, e.g., has to start through QUIT or QUIP (or, if you’re British, QUID).

The ideal transform is considered to be the shortest possible.

Having read about this game in one of Martin Gardner’s old Mathematical Recreations columns, we decided to work up some tennis doublets. We have run many of these before, but this is good practice for the second game we have in mind.

As a very simple start, trying making a HIT go OUT in two steps.

Lewis Carroll himself proposed one that would have fit well with some of this year’s events: Turn WET into DRY in no more than five steps.

A BALL can get you to a GAME in at least two ways that are three steps long.

It takes just three steps to cross the BASE LINE.

You can get a LINE CALL in five steps.

You can get players to move from CLAY to HARD if you use a GOAD along the way, but it takes seven steps.

A player with lots of SLICE can produce many SPINS.

You can make CORD into NETS in five steps.

If you don’t hit a LET, you might hit an ACE, and that might win you a SET. There are no more than seven steps along the way.

If you’re Serena Williams, a CURSE can turn into FINES in six steps if you allow PONES (as in corn pone) along the way, perhaps seven otherwise.

A tennis-specific variation would be to allow players’ names as well as English words into the path. So, for instance, we can turn PENG Shuai into Vania KING in just two steps:

PENG

PING

KING

Believe it or not, you can ROGER Federer into Rafael NADAL in six steps. You can also show that ROGER has a LEVEL head in just five steps. Also, RAFA can SAVE a point in no more than five steps, although he has to do something criminal along the way.

We’ll give you our answers at the end of the column.

Now for the new stuff. Another well-known Dodgson word game was Syzygies. (A name based on Greek that we won’t try to explain.) In this game, you again go from one word to another — but, in Syzygies, you can change as many letters as you want. Here’s the trick. You can only change letters at the beginning and end of the word. There is a core that has to stay the same. So you can’t, for instance, turn BALL into BELL, because that changes a letter in the middle of the word. You can turn BALL into ALL, or into BALK, or into BAT, or for that matter into CAT (do cats eat bats? Do bats eat cats? Wait… that’s another Carroll story). But changes must preserve the core — although the core can be only a single letter.

Note that, in Syzygies, words don’t have to be the same length. For example, you can turn BALL into NET as follows:

BALL

MALL

MET

NET

Note, however, that you can’t use this route:

BALL

BAT

BET

NET

That route involves changing an interior letter, which is forbidden. You can, however, use this route:

BALL

BAT

NET

The first change keeps the core of BAt, the second the core of neT.

Changing IN to OUT is pretty easy:

IN

IT

OUT

Or

IN

ON

OUT

The trick here is to minimize your score. Every letter you use that is not in the core counts against you. (Well, we’re simplifying this; Carroll’s scores are harder to keep, but you can look those rules up online if you want.) Let’s take the two examples we showed above for BALL and NET. The first one is BALL, MALL, MET, NET. To go from BALL to MALL, you put in one new letter, M. To go from MALL to MET, you bring in two new letters, ET. To go from MET to NET has one new letter, N. So the score in that case is one plus two plus one, for a total of four.

Now let’s go there using BALL, BAT, NET. The first change is BALL to BAT, one new letter (T). Then from BAT to NET. Two new letters, NE. So the total score for that route is three.

Try this one. Turn UMPIRE into DUMMY. (Sorry, officials….) It’s surprisingly easy:

UMPIRE

DUMP

DUMMY

Except… UM is common to both words, so in fact it’s a one-step change:

UMPIRE

DUMMY

OK, now your turn. Turn PLAYER into DUMMY. (Hey, we’re equal-opportunity insulters.) Try that, and then think of your own.

SOLUTIONS

To turn PLAYER into DUMMY can be done in two steps, believe it or not:

PLAYER

PLUM

DUMMY

or even

PLAYER

PLAY

DUMMY

As for all the doublets, the solutions are as follows:

Turn WET into DRY in no more than five steps.

The author’s first thought on this one involved the Scots word WAT (a verb, to know):

WET

WAT

WAY

WRY

DRY

A path that uses all “proper” English words is

WET

PET

PAT

PAY

PRY

DRY

A BALL can get you to a GAME in at least two ways that are three steps long:

BALL

GALL

GALE

GAME

or

BALL

BALE

GALE

GAME

It takes just three steps to cross the BASE LINE.

BASE

BANE

LANE

LINE

You can get a LINE CALL in five steps:

LINE

MINE

MILE

MILL

MALL

CALL

You can get players to move from CLAY to HARD if you use a GOAD along the way, but it takes seven steps:

CLAY

CLAD

GLAD

GOAD

LOAD

LORD

LARD

HARD

A player with lots of SLICE can produce many SPINS:

SLICE

SPICE

SPINE

SPINS

You can make CORD into NETS in five steps:

CORD

CURD

CURS

CUTS

NUTS

NETS

or

CORD

CORS (a cor was a Hebrew unit of measure)

COTS

POTS

PETS

NETS

If you don’t hit a LET, you might hit an ACE, and that might win you a SET. There are no more than seven steps along the way.

LET

BET

BAT

OAT

OPT

APT

ACT

ACE

ACE

ACT

APT

OPT

OAT

BAT

BET

SET

Believe it or not, you can ROGER Federer into Rafael NADAL in six steps. You can also show that ROGER has a LEVEL head in just five steps. Also, RAFA can SAVE a point in no more than five steps, although he has to do something criminal along the way.

ROGER

ROVER

RAVER

RAVEL

NAVEL

NAVAL

NADAL

ROGER

ROPER

LOPER

LOVER

LEVER

LEVEL

RAFA

RAFT

RAPT

RAPE

RAVE

SAVE

Incidentally, if you feel as if the longer doublets are much harder than the shorter, you’re absolutely right. Think of it this way: If you want to try to find a path from one word to another, you have to consider all the possible words that might be along the path. Take a two letter word, say IN. There are two ways you can change this: You can change the first letter, or you can change the second letter. There are 25 different changes you can make in the first letter (AN, BN, CN, DN, EN, FN, GN, HN, JN, KN, LN, MN, NN, ON, PN, QN, RN, SN, TN, UN, VN, WN, XN, YN, ZN), or there are 25 different changes you can make in the second letter. Since you can only change one letter at a time, that means that there are 50 possible changes away from IN. Of course, most of these are not words. But you have to think about all 50 possibilities to figure that out. Then, when you make the next change, there are 50 more possibilities. (Well, technically 49, since it’s pretty stupid to make a change that undoes the change you made the first time). So the number of possible two-move paths is 50 times 49, or 2450.

Now consider a three letter word, say THE. There are 25 changes you can make to the first letter, or 25 you can make to the second, or 25 you can make to the third, for a total of 75. But now think about the second move. There are now 74 (one less than 75) changes. So, to make two moves with a three letter word involves 75 times 74 changes, or 5550 possible paths. If you make three changes, there are 410700 possible paths.

For a four letter word, there are 100 possible first moves, 99 possible second moves, 99 possible third moves, 99 possible fourth moves. That’s 9900 possible changes after two steps, 980100 after three, 97029900 after four. That’s far more words than there are in the English language.

It’s not hard to make a doublet by just sitting down with, say, a five letter word and just trying stream-of-consciousness changes. But to construct a path between two particular words, as opposed to just making one change after another, is tricky, and the longer the word, the trickier.

KEYWORDS: Tennis Doublets Wordplay

 

 

THIS WEEK IN TENNIS

 

THIS WEEK ON THE ATP WORLD TOUR:

Winston-Salem (250/Hard). Defending Champion: John Isner

NEXT WEEK ON THE ATP WORLD TOUR:

U. S. Open (Slam/Hard). Defending Champion: Andy Murray

 

 

STATS AND FACTS

 

RANKINGS

 

Estimated ATP World Tour Rankings

As of August 22, 2013

 

Rank &

Prior…Player………..Points

1..(1) Djokovic……….10980

2..(2) Nadal…………..8860

3..(3) Murray………….8700

4..(4) Ferrer………….7210

5..(5) Berdych…………5075

6..(6) Del Potro……….4740

7..(7) Federer…………4695

8..(8) Tsonga………….3470

9..(9) Gasquet…………2625

10.(10) Wawrinka………..2610

11.(11) Raonic………….2555

12.(12) Nishikori……….2405

13.(13) Haas……………2185

14.(15) Janowicz………..2113

15.(16) Almagro…………2110

16.(17) Simon…………..2040

17.(14) Isner…………..2025

18.(18) Fognini…………2025

19.(19) Cilic…………..1805

20.(20) Anderson………..1740

21.(21) Tipsarevic………1685

22.(22) Robredo…………1620

23.(23) Seppi…………..1550

24.(24) Youzhny…………1475

25.(25) Kohlschreiber……1445

26.(26) Lopez…………..1435

27.(27) Paire…………..1415

28.(28) Dimitrov………..1375

29.(30) Verdasco………..1315

30.(29) Querrey…………1310

 

 

DRAWS

 

Winston Salem — Week of August 19

 

……………….3R…………….QF………..SF

1 Berdych (WC)…..Berankis……….Berankis

14 Klizan……….bautista Agut

11 Nieminen……..(11)Nieminen

6 Querrey……….(6)Querrey……..Querrey…..Querrey

 

3 Isner…………Bogomolov

13 Tursunov……..(13)Tursunov……Tursunov

9 Melzer………..(9)Melzer………Melzer……Melzer

5 Paire…………(5)Paire

 

7 Verdasco (WC)…(7)Verdasco(WC)….Verdasco

12 Rosol……….Haase

15 Monfils……..(15)Monfils……..Monfils…..Monfils

4 Robredo………(4)Robredo

 

8 Monaco……….(8)Monaco

10 Dolgopolov…..(10)Dolgopolov…..Dolgopolov..Dolgopolov

16 Andujar……..Lu……………..Lu

2 Seppi………..Johnson(Q)

 

STATUS OF SEEDS:

1 Berdych (WC)…….WITHDREW

2 Seppi…………..lost 2R (Johnson)

3 Isner…………..WITHDREW

4 Robredo…………lost 3R (Monfils)

5 Paire…………..lost 3R (Melzer)

6 Querrey

7 Verdasco (WC)…….lost QF (Monfils)

8 Monaco…………..lost 3R (Dolgopolov)

9 Melzer

10 Dolgopolov

11 Nieminen……….lost 3R (Querrey)

12 Rosol………….lost 2R (Haase)

13 Tursunov……….lost QF (Melzer)

14 Klizan…………lost 2R (Bautista Agut)

15 Monfils

16 Andujar………..lost 2R (Lu)

U. S. Open — Week of August 26

 

1 Djokovic

Berankis

Becker

Rosol

Kubot

Nieminen

Sousa

25 Dimitrov

 

24 Paire

Bogomolov

Smyczek (WC)

Duckworth (WC)

Zopp

Granollers

Ram

16 Fognini

 

12 Haas

Mathieu

Lu

Gimeno-Traver

Goffin

Dolgopolov

Mahut

21 Youzhny

 

29 Melzer

Donskoy

Sijsling

Qualifier (Q)

Hewitt

Baker (WC)

Garcia-Lopez

6 Del Potro

 

3 Murray

Llodra

Hanescu

L Mayer

Qualifier (Q)

Klizan

F Mayer

28 Monaco

 

20 Seppi

Malisse

Lacko

Qualifier (Q)

Kamke

Johnson

Istomin

15 Almagro

 

9 Wawrinka

Stepanek

Blake

Qualifier (Q)

Baghdatis

Qualifier (Q)

Brands

17 Anderson

 

31 Benneteau

Przysiezny

Stakhovsky

Chardy

Vesely

Kudla

Lorenzi

5 Berdych

 

8 Gasquet

Russell

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Struff

Rufin (WC)

Bedene

32 Tursunov

 

23 Lopez

Qualifier (Q)

De Schepper

Klahn (WC)

Andujar

De Bakker

Qualifier (Q)

10 Raonic

 

14 Janowicz

Qualifier (Q)

Sock

Qualifier (Q)

Kuznetsov

Sela

Cuevas

18 Tipsarevic

 

30 Gulbis

Haider-Maurer

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Bautista Agut

Bellucci

Qualifier (Q)

4 Ferrer

 

7 Federer

Zemlja

Giraldo

Berlocq

Zeballos

Mannarino

Pella

26 Querrey

 

19 Robredo

Matosevic

Haase

Qualifier (Q)

Ramos

Tomic

Qualifier (Q)

11 Nishikori

 

13 Isner

Volandri

Ungur

Monfils

Montanes

Roger-Vasselin

Altamirano (WC)

22 Kohlschreiber

 

27 Verdasco

Dodig

Williams (WC)

Davydenko

Qualifier (Q)

Pospisil

Harrison (WC)

2 Nadal

 

 

SCORES

 

THURSDAY

Winston-Salem

Singles – Quarterfinal

(6) S Querrey def. R Berankis 6-3 6-4

(15) G Monfils def. (7) F Verdasco 6-7(8-10) 6-4 6-4

(9) J Melzer def. (13) D Tursunov 6-4 6-3

(10) A Dolgopolov def. Y Lu 7-6(7-2) 6-3

********

TODAY’S WOMEN’S NEWS

 

New Haven

 

Here’s something you don’t see too often: An event halted both by flood and fire. Flood, as in a long rain delay. And fire, as in a small fire in the players’ area. It was quickly put out, and didn’t really affect the schedule, but what a day….

Singles – Quarterfinal: (3) Petra Kvitova def. Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 2-6 6-2 7-5

This was not exactly what they needed on a day when the weather messed everything up. It took almost two and a quarter hours — and would have been longer had not Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova blown three points to take it to a third set tiebreak. But then, Petra Kvitova seems to think that winning efficiently is beneath her or something. She still needs one moe win to assure her Top Ten spot, but at least the points are counting. She leaves Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova still a little below #30.

Singles – Quarterfinal: (4) Caroline Wozniacki def. (6) Sloane Stephens 7-6(8-6) 6-2

Could this event finally be bringing Caroline Wozniacki back to life? She hasn’t moved in the rankings, but at least she’s winning. Sloane Stephens will not make the Top Fifteen unless Marion Bartoli’s name goes off the rankings.

Singles – Quarterfinal: Klara Zakopalova def. Elena Vesnina 4-6 6-0 6-4

It looks as if this will put Klara Zakopalova in the Top Thirty. It’s a big result for her, given her historical lack of liking for hardcourts.

Singles – Quarterfinal: Simona Halep def. Ekaterina Makarova 6-1 7-6(8-6)

It’s amazing Simona Halep hasn’t moved in the rankings yet; it seems as if nothing can stop her. Ekaterina Makarova will probably be right at #25.

 

 

THIS WEEK IN TENNIS

 

THIS WEEK ON THE WTA:

New Haven (Premier/Hard). Defending Champion: Petra Kvitova

NEXT WEEK ON THE WTA:

U. S. Open (Slam/Hard). Defending Champion: Serena Williams

 

 

STATS AND FACTS

 

RANKINGS

 

Estimated WTA Rankings As of August 22, 2013

 

Rank &

Prior

Rank….Name…………..Points

1..(1) SWilliams ……… 12260

2..(2) Azarenka ………..9505

3..(3) Sharapova ……… 8766

4..(4) RAadwanska ………6335

5..(5) ERRANI ………….5125

6..(6) Li ……………..4825

7..(7) Bartoli ……….. 4246

8..(8) WOZNIACKI ……… 3490*

9.(10) KERBER ………….3420

10.(13) Stosur ………….3210

11..(9) KVITOVA ……….. 3170*

12.(11) Jankovic ………..3125

13.(12) VINCI …………. 3065

14.(14) Flipkens ………..2961

15.(15) Ivanovic ………..2940

16.(17) STEPHENS ………..2925

17.(16) Kirilenko ……… 2620

18.(18) LISICKI ……….. 2615

19.(20) SUAREZ NAVARRO …..2375

20.(19) CIBULKOVA ……… 2281

21.(21) CIRSTEA ……….. 2250

22.(22) Petrova ……….. 2212

23.(23) HALEP …………. 2180*

24.(24) VESNINA ……….. 2127

25.(26) MAKAROVA ………..1935

26.(25) Hampton ……….. 1881

27.(27) Kanepi ………….1781

28.(28) Cornet ………….1730

29.(29) Kuznetsova ………1679

30.(33) ZAKOPALOVA ………1600

 

 

DRAWS

 

New Haven — Week of August 19

 

……………..QF……………SF

1 Errani………Makarova

5 Vinci……….Halep…………Halep

4 Wozniacki……(4)Wozniacki…..Wozniacki

6 Stephens (WC)..(6)Stephens(WC)

 

7 Lisicki……..Pavlyuchenkova

3 Kvitova……..(3)Kvitova…….Kvitova

8 Cibulkova……Zakopalova…….Zakopalova

2 Kerber………Vesnina

 

STATUS OF SEEDS:

1 Errani……….lost 2R (Makarova)

2 Kerber……….lost 2R (Vesnina)

3 Kvitova

4 Wozniacki

5 Vinci………..lost 1R (Suarez Navarro)

6 Stephens (WC)…lost QF (Wozniacki)

7 Lisicki………lost 2R (Pavlyuchenkova)

8 Cibulkova…….lost 1R (Knapp)

U. S. Open — Week of August 26

 

1 Williams

Schiavone

Voskoboeva

Niculescu

Shvedova

Puchkova

Qualifier (Q)

29 Rybarikova

 

23 Hampton

Arruabarrena

Mladenovic

Medina Garrigues

Begu

U Radwanska

Minella

15 Stephens

 

12 Flipkens

V Williams

Bertens

Zheng

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Davis

18 .Suarez Navarro

 

25 Kanepi

King (WC)

Voegele

Schmiedlova

Ka Pliskova

Bouchard

Hradecka

8 Kerber

 

3 A Radwanska

Soler-Espinosa

Torro-Flor

Erakovic

Cabeza Candela

Barty (WC)

Razzano (WC)

32 Pavlyuchenkova

 

24 Makarova

Hercog

Johansson

Mattek-Sands

Ormaechea

Date-Krumm

Qualifier (Q)

16 Lisicki

 

9 Jankovic

Keys

Puig

Kleybanova

Qualifier (Q)

Cadantu

Qualifier (Q)

19 Cirstea

 

30 Robson

Dominguez Lino

Garcia

Rogers (WC)

Cetkovska

Arvidsson

Govortsova

5 Li

 

6 Wozniacki

Qualifier (Q)

Scheepers

Qualifier (Q)

Cepelova

Qualifier (Q)

Hsieh

31 Zakopalova

 

22 Vesnina

Beck

Knapp

Qualifier (Q)

Tsurenko

Safarova

Babos

10 Vinci

 

14 Kirilenko

Wickmayer

Qualifier (Q)

Daniilidou

Vekic

Duque-Marino

Watson

21 Halep

 

27 Kuznetsova

Burdette

Peng

Meusburger

Gibbs (WC)

Pennetta

Morita

4 Errani

 

7 Kvitova

Doi

Jovanovski

Petkovic

Pironkova

Riske (WC)

Larsson

28 Barthel

 

20 Petrova

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Vickery (WC)

Sanchez (WC)

Hantuchova

Qualifier (Q)

11 Stosur

 

13 Ivanovic

Tatishvili

Lepchenko

Dulgheru

Goerges

McHale

Svitolina

17 Cibulkova

 

26 Cornet

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Qualifier (Q)

Wozniak

Dolonc

Pfizenmaier

2 Azarenka

 

 

SCORES

 

THURSDAY

New Haven

Singles – Quarterfinal

(3) Petra Kvitova def. Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 2-6 6-2 7-5

(4) Caroline Wozniacki def. (6) Sloane Stephens 7-6(8-6) 6-2

Simona Halep def. Ekaterina Makarova 6-1 7-6(8-6)

Klara Zakopalova def. Elena Vesnina 4-6 6-0 6-4








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